Gemstone kingdom-Emerald
Emerald mineral name is Beryl, Because minerals containing trace amounts of chromium, Showing a brilliant beauty of the green crystal. Beryl often hexagonal columns into shape, crystal output. Hardness of 7.5 to 8, density of 2.67 to 2.78, refractive index 1.56 to 1.60, transparent and brittle.
The chemical composition of emerald is Be3Al2Si6O18, also contains chromium, vanadium, nickel and other trace elements. Emerald green is mainly due to chromium elements, Is the transition elements chromium ions (Cr3 +) crystal field splitting effects caused. Deep emerald green chromium oxide content of 0.5 to O.6%, Shallow emerald 0.15-0.2% chromium oxide of content. Emerald is the hexagonal system, long cylindrical in shape.Transparent – translucent, toughness is low.
People know, diamond is the king of gems, should be most precious gems, in fact, not entirely, One with the diamonds of equal size, good quality emeralds are higher than the price of diamonds in 3 to 4 times. Therefore, the general quality on the market green emeralds are rare, more is generally 0.2-0.3 carats of fine emerald, 0.5 karats of emeralds price on very high quality. Greater than 2 carats of high-quality emerald is very rare, its price is surprisingly high. But nature also found a lot of huge emerald crystals, Far the largest number of emeralds found in South Africa should be the one of sapphire weighing 24,000 kt. Emerald price is very expensive, itself is brittle, not anti-bump, so your costs are also mosaic work price, Some need to buy insurance when the mosaic.
The main origin of the emerald is Colombian, Ural, Brazil, India, South Africa, Zimbabwe and so on.
Colombia is the world’s largest high-quality emerald origin. Colombian emerald deposits are the main two wooden Zuo and Qi Woer, they are located in about 100 km northeast of Bogota, Located in the Cordillera mountain range.Wood Zuo and Qi Woer mine has been the world’s largest supplier of high-quality emeralds, monopoly the international market, world’s finest emeralds about 80% of total output. Colombian emeralds produced mainly in sedimentary rocks of the sodium feldspar, calcite veins, rock is carbonaceous shale and limestone, Emerald-containing calcite veins, dolomite a calcite, pyrite calcite generally long and 60 meters wide and 0.1 to 20 cm, showed a vein and stockwork. Emerald was a spot in the veins containing crystalline output. Emerald was columnar crystals, the average length of 2 – 3 cm, a dark green color is light green. Slightly blue tone, texture, transparent. Emerald crystals in the visible bubbles of carbon monoxide, liquid sodium chloride, and cubes of salt and other gas-liquid-solid three-phase inclusions,this is in other regions emerald is very rare, only Colombian emeralds have. In addition, often pyrite, black carbonaceous matter, quartz, chromite and other inclusions. Generally believed that the Qi Woer mine bluish green emerald best quality,regarded as the world’s most beautiful emeralds. 1969 in Colombia found a huge emerald weight 7025 kt.
Emerald formation conditions are harsh, first of all have volatile components containing beryllium acid melting body, but also chromium-rich ultramafic rock is rock, Possible interaction between the formation of emerald, So far, the world’s most common emerald deposit is produced in the ultramafic rocks into the hydrothermal deposits of gas, prolific and high-quality emeralds in the sedimentary rocks in the far being epithermal type deposits, pegmatite also output emerald, but the quality is not good, poor color. Gas into the existence of hydrothermal emerald ore Fu ultrabasic mica-like rock into the vein,emerald crystal of local enrichment and to spot output, columnar crystals average of 3 to 5 cm, associated minerals are tourmaline, mica, apatite, fluorite, gold emerald and so on. Far into the hydrothermal emerald deposit in limestone production, carbonaceous shale in the calcite and pyrite, albite veins,this is the most important quality emerald deposit type.Mostly bright deep emerald green, porphyritic crystal output was uneven. There are some holes in the emerald crystal accumulation body, associated minerals are calcite, mica, pyrite, albite, barite, etc. Crystals often carbonaceous black inclusions, most of the world are produced in such high-quality emerald deposits.
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